NETWORKING - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

                                   NETWORKING 

                                       QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Define Network?

A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.

What is a Link?

At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link.

What is a node?

A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes.

What is a gateway or Router?

A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another.

What is point-point link?

If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.

Name of seven layers in Open System Interconnection model.

They are Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, and Physical.

What is Multiple Access?

If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access.

What is the difference between ARP and RARP?

The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with the 48 bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of another host on its network by sending a ARP query packet that includes the IP address of the receiver.
The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet address when it knows only its physical address.

What is Client/Server?

Clients and Servers are separate logical entities that work together over a network to accomplish a task. Many systems with very different architectures that are connected together are also called Client/Server.

What is MAC address?

It is the 48 bit hardware address of LAN card. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and it is unique.

What are the perquisites to configure server?

·         LAN card should be connected:

·         Root (partition on which window is installed) should in NTFS

·         Server should be configured with a static IP address

How we will configure ADS?

Start ==> RUN ==> DCPROMO

How will you test LAN card?

Ping 127.0.0.1 
If getting reply its fine

Name the factors that affect the reliability of the network?

a. Frequency of failure
b. Recovery time of a network after a failure

What are the difference between DOMAIN and WORKGROUP?

Workgroup:- 
(i)Every PC is responsible for its security own. 
(ii)No centralize administration 
(iii)Main aim to save hardware recourse 
(iv)Best suite in school, training institute, cyber café 
Domain: - 
(i)Server is responsible for data safety. 
(ii)Centralize administration 
(iii)Main aim is to secure data 
(iv)Best suite in company environments

Which command is used to check the IP address of your system?

ipconfig

Which set wizard will run to do peer to peer networking in XP?

Small home and office setup wizard

Which command is used to check the physical connectivity between two computers?

Ping

What is map drive?

A special feature that will map network resource to my computer.

What is Proxy Server?

Most large businesses, organizations, and universities these days use a proxy server. This is a server that all computers on the local network have to go through before accessing information on the Internet. By using a proxy server, an organization can improve the network performance and filter what users connected to the network can access.

Which folder contains ADS installed on server?

NTDS

What is the full form of Internet?

International Networking

Which are the bootable files of 98 and XP ?

In windows98 it is command.com 
In XP it is NTLDR

In which partition Linux is installed ?.

Linux doesn’t support windows file system that contain partition scheme. It (Linux) has its own file system known as ext2, and ext3. it will install only on it.In linux file system it will install on / (root) partition.

What is size of SWAP ?

It’s the hard disk space that is used as RAM for fast processing. In window it’s known as virtual memory and could be set as per retirement via this path 
My Computer ==> properties ==> advance 
In Linux it’s known as SWAP space and generally taken the double size of physical RAM For example if you have 256 (MB) DDR physical ram then swap space would be 512 MB.

Name the factors that affect the performance of the network?

a. Number of Users
b. Type of transmission medium
c. Hardware
d. Software

What is the full form of C.M.O.S?

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor

How will you check the IP address without using the network place?

Start ==> Run ==> Command ==>ipconfig

What is IP?

Internet Protocol (IP) is an unreliable, best-effort delivery, the connection-less protocol used for transmitting and receiving data between hosts in a TCP/IP network.

What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?

a. Security/Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem-solving
d. Security through redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing

Name the factors that affect the security of the network?

a. Unauthorized Access
b. Viruses

What is Protocol?

A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication.

What are the key elements of protocols?

The key elements of protocols are
a. Syntax
   It refers to the structure or format of the data, that is the order in which they are presented.
b. Semantics
   It refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
c. Timing
   Timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how fast they can be sent.

Define the terms Unicasting, Multicasting, and Broadcasting?

If the message is sent from a source to a single destination node, it is called Unicasting.
If the message is sent to some subset of other nodes, it is called Multicasting.
If the message is sent to all the m nodes in the network, it is called Broadcasting.

What is Multiplexing?

Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.

Name the categories of Multiplexing?

a. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
b. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
   i. Synchronous TDM
   ii. Asynchronous TDM Or Statistical TDM.
c. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Which layers are network support layers?

a. Physical Layer
b. Data link Layer and
c. Network Layers

Which layers are user support layers?

a. Session Layer
b. Presentation Layer and
c. Application Layer

Which layer links the network support layers and user support layers?

The Transport layer links the network support layers and user support layers.

What are the concerns of the Physical Layer?

Physical layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.
a. Physical characteristics of interfaces and media
b. Representation of bits
c. Data rate
d. Synchronization of bits

e. Line configuration
f. Physical topology
g. Transmission mode

What are the responsibilities of Data Link Layer?

The Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable link and is responsible for node-node delivery.
a. Framing
b. Physical Addressing
c. Flow Control
d. Error Control
e. Access Control

What are the responsibilities of Network Layer?

The Network Layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of packet possibly across multiple networks (links).
a. Logical Addressing
b. Routing

What are the responsibilities of Transport Layer?

The Transport Layer is responsible for source-to-destination delivery of the entire message.
a. Service-point Addressing
b. Segmentation and reassembly
c. Connection Control
d. Flow Control
e. Error Control

What are the responsibilities of Presentation Layer?

The Presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems.
a. Translation
b. Encryption
c. Compression

What are the responsibilities of Application Layer?

The Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services such as e-mail, shared database management and other types of distributed information services.
a. Network virtual Terminal
b. File transfer, access and Management (FTAM)
c. Mail services
d. Directory Services

What are the two classes of hardware building blocks?

Nodes and Links.

What are the different link types used to build a computer network?

a. Cables
b. Leased Lines
c. Last-Mile Links
d. Wireless Links

What are the types of errors?

a. Single-Bit error
  In a single-bit error, only one bit in the data unit has changed
b. Burst Error
  A Burst error means that two or more bits in the data have changed.

Define Encoder?

A device or program that uses predefined algorithms to encode or compress audio or video data for storage or transmission use. A circuit that is used to convert between digital video and analog video.

Define Decoder?

A device or program that translates encoded data into its original format (e.g. it decodes the data). The term is often used in reference to MPEG-2 video and sound data, which must be decoded before it is output.

What is Flow Control?

Flow control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for an acknowledgment.

What is Error Control?

Error control is both error detection and error correction. It allows the receiver to inform the sender of any frames lost or damaged in transmission and coordinates the retransmission of those frames by the sender. In the data link layer, the term error control refers primarily to methods of error detection and retransmission.

What are the two types of transmission technology available?

(i) Broadcast and (ii) point-to-point

What is a subnet?

A generic term for a section of a large network usually separated by a bridge or router.